Christianity vs. Scientology - 1164 Words

Christianity vs. Scientology I. Introduction Most people today have a limited understanding of Scientology and tend to believe that it is not a bona fide religious ideology. However, it is actually similar to most religions and by looking at the concepts that it puts across one is probably to acknowledge that it is actually very complex. Scientology is a modern religion and it can be best understood by comparing it with an older religion such as Christianity. Conservative Christians feel that this religion stand against most values promoted in the Christian world and that it would be difficult and almost impossible for a person to respect both of these religious ideologies. II. Religious beliefs Even with the fact that it is a modern religion, Scientology takes many of its beliefs from older religious ideologies. Mixing ideas from Buddhist and Hindu religious philosophy, science fiction, and 20th-century Western concepts in psychology and science (Scientology), the religions founder, L. Ron Hubbard, devised a whole new religion. This religion promotes the belief that all human beings are actually immortal spirits who are unable to find their personal identity because they are misled by their struggle to escape the universes tendency to exploit their need for feeling joy. In contrast to Scientology, Christianity emphasizes that people are subjected to divine judgment when they die. Consequent to this, a higher power decides whether they should be provided withShow MoreRelatedRacism Is Funny, By Co Creator Of South Park, And The Simpsons Essay2213 Words   |  9 Pagesin popular shows can be found on Family Guy, South Park, and The Simpsons. South Park continuously makes fun of religions and the followers of these certain religions. The major religions that are prime targets on the shows are Christianity, Judaism, Islam and Scientology. Even though it is successful for the show, the creators of the show often face criticism from the people who support these religions through threating to kill them for portraying them on the show or by sending death letters. InRead MoreRacism Is Funny, By Co Creator Of South Park, And The Simpsons Essay2038 Words   |  9 Pagesthat are seen on shows are like Family Guy, South Park, and The Simpsons. South Park cont inuously makes fun of religions and the followers of these certain religions. The major religions that are prime targets on the shows are Christianity, Judaism, Islam and Scientology. Even though it is successful for the show, the creators of the show often face criticism from the people that support these religions through threating to kill them for portraying them on the show or by sending death letters. InRead MoreReligious Freedom in the Philippines2864 Words   |  12 Pagesbe the influence of religion, but people are then educated. People stop continuing the old practices because they start to question the logic in doing these practices. This is only proof that even though the Filipino mind is deeply influenced by Christianity, being open to improving and revealing of oneself is not that far away. We can never change history or force someone to change their beliefs, but let the youth be the ones to discover it themselves. The Filipino youth must be allowed to chooseRead More The principle of right or wrong2773 Words   |  12 Pagesactions an individual takes on himself to ensure his continued survival across the dynamics. It is a personal thing. When one is ethical, it is something he does himself by his own choice. [1] According to founder L. Ron Hubbards teachings, Scientology ethics is predicated on the idea that there are degrees of ethical conduct. morality (concern with the distinction between good and evil or right and wrong; right or good conduct) morality (motivation based on ideas of right and wrong) MoralityRead MoreLife Of Pi Questions6295 Words   |  26 Pagessomething that faith helps us understand. 7). The Biology teacher did not believe in God he was agnostic. While the baker was a Muslim mentor and preached about God and religion. With this in mind, Mr. Kumar the Biology teacher represents the scientology perspective where he will look to prove how something was down scientifically, while Mr. Kumar the baker will look at things from a religious perspective. In the book it talks about the difference between a person with faith and a person without

America Needs Immigration Reform Essay - 1034 Words

Immigration reduction refers to a movement in the United States that advocates a reduction in the amount of immigration allowed into the country. Steps advocated for reducing the numbers of immigrants include advocating stronger action to prevent illegal entry and illegal immigration, and reductions in non-immigrant temporary work visas (such as H-1B and L-1). Some advocate a tightening of the requirements for legal immigration requirements to reduce total numbers, or move the proportions of legal immigrants away from those on family reunification programs to skills-based criteria. Back in the 1700s, as English men and women traveled to American land in the Mayflower, among other ships, the foreigners were considered â€Å"immigrants.† Many of†¦show more content†¦As discussed by many, immigrants typically are known to come to America to pursue a sense of freedom that they are not finding in their home country. Whether it is the opportunity for a higher-paying job, a way to practice religion without persecution, or the opportunity to start a family in a safer environment, many immigrants have similar plans. And while people who lean towards a negative outlook on immigration may say that these people take Americans’ jobs and land, others think that immigration gives United States n economic edge in the world, bringing culture to our country. As far as reducing the immigration and restricting the policies in the United States more than they are now, my standing is that we should not. Immigrants bring innovative ideas and an entrepreneurial spirit to the U.S. economy. Because they have close contact with other counties, they enhance the U.S.’s ability to trade and thrive globally. Immigrants also tend to fill jobs that Americans can’t or won’t take, and also raise demand for goods as well as supply. Another argument for stricter immigration is that these aliens are draining funds, and that taxpayers’ paychecks are being exhausted to support these foreigners. Contrary to popular belief however, NAS found a study that the â€Å"typical immigrant and his or her offspring will pay a net $80,000 more in taxes during their lifetime {in America} than they collect in government services.† Of course, the restriction ofShow MoreRelatedThe Immigration System Of The United States Of America And The Need For Immigration Reform2234 Words   |  9 Pages Need For Immigration Reform in the U.S. Ramesh Bhatta Wilmington University â€Æ' Abstract The current immigration system is broken and have not been updated fully for about 20 years. The broken immigration is a big problem to the U.S. It is keeping families apart, lowering the wages of workers, resulted in black economy, and added to the threat to national security among many others. The purpose of this research paper is to identify some of the problems created by the current immigration systemRead MoreImmigration Problem Of Illegal Immigration1530 Words   |  7 PagesAmerica can easily be defined as the greatest country in the world, but every country has its own unique problems. One of its greatest problems is that of illegal immigration. Recently, the country has been made aware that its illegal immigration problem that it is working so hard to correct, is frankly failing. To date, it has seemingly not done its best to correct the issue though. America must fix the major problem of illegal immigration before it becomes too out of hand. The existing AmericanRead MoreI mmigration Reform Of The United States1641 Words   |  7 PagesTutor: Institution: Immigration Reform ​Immigration is defined as the act of leaving your country of origin and going to another different one to stay there permanently (Dictionary.com). Reasons, why people escape or leave their original countries, are varied; ranging from war, poverty, natural occurrences such as earthquakes while others just take the step for fun purposes. A reform is a change from the way things were done originally and make them better. Therefore, immigration reform is a term thatRead MoreThe Need for Immigration Reform1193 Words   |  5 Pages There are not many people who know that there is war going on within America. A war, that is capable of impacting the future of America. Millions of â€Å"Dreamers† are fighting to be recognized as American citizens. In recent months and years, the debate on immigration reform has been heated and often uninformed. Every president mentions in his speech to take action on immigration reform. But unfortunately he ends up taking action against immigrants by deporting them. Is the country founded byRead MoreWhy We Need Immigration Reform1168 Words   |  5 Pages Why we need immigration reform Immigration is important to America and so is Immigration reform. The laws we have in place are unfair and unsuccessful to all of us. In order to progress we need to look at our country’s past to advance in our future. Our economy and society can learn and advance with immigration reform. Our laws on Immigration need an upgrade and most politicians would agree that we need immigration reform also. Immigration reform is the renewal of our immigration laws, but littleRead MoreWhy We Need Immigration Reform1168 Words   |  5 Pages Why we need immigration reform Immigration is important to America and so is Immigration reform. The laws we have in place are unfair and unsuccessful to all of us. In order to progress we need to look in our country’s past to advance to our future. Our economy and society can learn and advance with immigration reform. Our laws on Immigration need an upgrade and most politicians would agree that we need immigration reform also. Immigration reform is the renewal of our immigration laws, but littleRead MoreImmigration Senior Project1544 Words   |  7 PagesSenior Project Immigration Obama’s Immigration Reform Xihara Rosario Class 172 Mrs. Prysler Northeast High School Outline 1. Introduction What is my topic? Why I chose it? What do I already know about my topic? What I expect to learn? 2. Body Definition of Immigration Types of Immigration The first habitants in United State were Immigrants Immigration reform issues right now Implements that reform needs to happen Immigration outcome and implications for AmericansRead MoreThe Issue Of Immigration Reform Essay1401 Words   |  6 Pages Immigration Reform Tony Smith HSE 430 November 17, 2016 Nick R. North Immigration Reform Introduction Public Opinion The American public seems to be aware of the issue in general, but is short of the details. There has certainly been a healthy amount of media coverage of immigration reform, but as the coverage itself is unclear as to how best to frame the problems, it mostly informs about the existence of the issue rather than informing about the issue itself. As such, there is conflictingRead MoreImmigration Reform1221 Words   |  5 PagesImmigration Reform is a serious and current issue in politics, in government, and in the lives of millions of people. Immigration reform is a term used by the American government and in politics. It refers to the changes to the current immigration policies in the United States. â€Å"Reform† is defined as a â€Å"change into an improved form or condition, by amending faults or abuses.† So, in a nutshell, Immigration Reform means the improvement of the law regarding how we, the United States, handle immigrationRead MoreA Broken System Of My Mothe r1716 Words   |  7 Pagestheir families. Many come to America for the promise of freedom and opportunity. But currently the immigration system in the America is broken. Families are separated, immigrant workers are exploited, people die trying to cross the border, and there is rampant discrimination against immigrants. The way we behave toward newcomers ought to demonstrate the morals of fairness and equality that identify America as a country. This is why we are in need of a new immigration policy that keeps families together

Comparison of Jane Austen’s novels Free Essays

Question: Does the Igbo culture fall apart solely because of external pressures of European Imperialism and Christianity or are there internal tensions that cause the culture to disintegrate? Answer: In Things Fall Apart, Chinua Achebe explores the struggles between the old traditions of the Igbo community and the effects of Christianity on people of different calibers within that society. He also demonstrates the effects of one society thrust onto another. Before the introduction of Christianity by the white man, the Ibo society has been well-settled, with its own laws and strong religious beliefs. We will write a custom essay sample on Comparison of Jane Austen’s novels or any similar topic only for you Order Now â€Å"The Second Coming† by William Butler Yeats describes a world about to reach yet another transition in its history, one much worse than the prior. Therefore, we observe the white man intruding the African religion which is pregnant with superstitions, and steering them towards destruction in a way that they feel it is a natural process. The Christian religion brings with itself a strong government and peaceful trade. The people become more prosperous and the white men started gaining converts. Specifically, after the church of Mr. Kiaga survives on the Evil Forest for over twenty-eight days, they won a handful more converts. Moreover, for the first time, they comprised of a woman named Nneka, the wife of Amadi. Nneka had suffered a lot on account of bearing twins and then losing them to the Evil Forest due to a perilous custom. Christianity is viewed as a refuge to keep her children. Moreover, Nwoye’s feminine curiosity caused him to doubt and wonder about numerous things in Igbo culture that his father would not dwell on for long. These encapsulate the death of Ikemefuna and the abandoning of twins into the bush that cry until they die. Thereby, he sees Christianity as a solution to his problems and he seems to have found peace in leaving his father and the insensitive religion. However, the loss of old traditional values to the new religion leads to a whole new generation being lost as well. Furthermore, the internal conflict within the clan is so immense that it leads Okonkwo to thoughts of violence, destruction and war, which eventually result in the final destruction of his society. Evidence of this is seen when Obreika and Okonkwo are discussing how the white man has destroyed Abame, and how he is now doing so to Umofia, prompting Okonkwo to say, â€Å"Abame people are weak and foolish. Why did they not fight back? †¦We must fight these men and drive them from our land.† The division within the clan among those favouring the traditional and the new has built an animosity. When Okonkwo has thoughts of destroying the white man, it foreshadows a conflict and illustrates how much hatred power and division can cause. The power of internal separation is observed in its greatest advent at the very end. Observing what hatred has brought Okonkwo to, the rest of the clan surrenders to the white man and allows itself to be conquered or pacified as the white man claims. Not only they have the entire legacy of the subjects be eliminated, an entire culture and society as well. This vividly showcases the British policy of â€Å"Divide and Rule.† Nonetheless, it is the internal tensions that fuel disintegration in the Ibo culture. Had they not been disunited by the white man’s eloquent oratory, they would have fought for their rights and land. The weak faith in gods and religion that a number of Igbo’s possessed, led them to â€Å"accommodate change† and remain ignorant of the manipulative nature of the colonizers. This submissive attitude, an overpowering sense of inferiority coupled with lack of contact with the world outside, paved way for the external pressures i.e., Christianity and imperialism to enforce perennial domination on them. How to cite Comparison of Jane Austen’s novels, Papers

Huckleberry finn 2 Essay Example For Students

Huckleberry finn 2 Essay Character Analysis: Huckleberry FinnHuckleberry Finn is one of the many milestones in modern literature. It stands as a testament to the genius the world knows as Mark Twain. Through clever use of local color and other literary devices, he is able to weave not only the entertaining tale of Huck and Jim, but also a powerful anti-slavery message, which became the cause of both negative criticism and critical acclaim. This embodiment of Mark Twains ideals in the young Huck Finn is a perfect example of the many people and things Huck Finn poses as and represents in the novel. Throughout the tale, Huckleberry Finn is portrayed as being a master of masquerading around as another person and is the means by which Mark Twain conveys his views to the world. If Mark Twain could have written an autobiography about himself, he more than likely would describe himself as possessing many qualities similar to those of Huck Finn. The many encounters Huck has with the Mississippi River are drawn from Mark Twains childhood home of Hannibal, Missouri, a town on the Mississippi. Even more important than childhood similarities; in the novel, Huck becomes more than just another character. He becomes a vessel by which Mark Twain shares his views with the world. In the South where he lived, there was still much bitterness towards ex-slaves and this dictated what was proper and what was not. Instead of writing a manifesto of his views, these views were consolidated with Hucks character. Through Hucks eyes, we are not only able to see Twains views but we also see them justified. Twains satirical view of religion manifests itself when Miss Watson confronts Huck on the subject of Heaven. She feels that Heaven is a place where all a body would have to do th ere was to go around all day long with a harp and sing, forever, and ever.Huck is disgusted by this and says that he didnt think much of it. and goes on to say that he wants to go to the bad place because the widow said that Tom Sawyer didnt have much of a chance of going to the good place. Not only is this Twains way of saying that religion, taken at face value, is bunk, but is also his observation of how society shapes the minds of those who choose to harmonize with it. At another point during the book, Huck assumes the guise of a girl named Sarah Williams. During this entire episode, Huck is eerily calm and plays his part perfectly; that is, until the woman sees Hucks seasoned throwing skills and his threading of the needle. Although Huck plays his part almost perfectly, because of his lack of interaction with society, especially with women, he cannot anticipate the ‘traps’, which the woman unknowingly lays out for him. The fact that Huck forgot his name for a minute is but a minor detail that would have probably gone unnoticed had it not been for Hucks two previous follies. After he divulges his true identity as being George Peters, the woman tells HuckYou do a girl tolerable poor, but you might fool men, maybe. Bless you, child, when you set out to thread the needle dont hold the thread still and fetch the needle up to it; hold the needle still and poke the thread at it; thats the way a woman most always does, but a man always does t otherway.This is Mark Twains way of telling us that society makes fools of those who choose not to conform to its standards. Despite a failed first attempt, Huck proves himself to be comfortable in disguise when he encounters the Grangerfords. At one point in this encounter, he forgets his name, despite being warned not to do so by the lady who saw through his guise. Here, Huck shows his superior ability of human understanding by fooling the young Buck Grangerford into telling him his own name. To accomplish this, he first asks Buck whether he can spell his name. Knowing that if a person sees a chance to raise himself over another persons expectations, he probably will, Huck taunts Buck by saying I bet you cant spell my name. Buck falls for Hucks tricks and replies by saying I bet you what you dare I can. After this, Buck reveals the alias Huck gave them when they first met, and saved Huck the trouble of working around using his fake name. In this scene, Twain illustrates his belief of the importance of understanding human nature, which Huck clearly excels at. .u991942a1b88d0933455f7a7e061f61fe , .u991942a1b88d0933455f7a7e061f61fe .postImageUrl , .u991942a1b88d0933455f7a7e061f61fe .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u991942a1b88d0933455f7a7e061f61fe , .u991942a1b88d0933455f7a7e061f61fe:hover , .u991942a1b88d0933455f7a7e061f61fe:visited , .u991942a1b88d0933455f7a7e061f61fe:active { border:0!important; } .u991942a1b88d0933455f7a7e061f61fe .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u991942a1b88d0933455f7a7e061f61fe { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u991942a1b88d0933455f7a7e061f61fe:active , .u991942a1b88d0933455f7a7e061f61fe:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u991942a1b88d0933455f7a7e061f61fe .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u991942a1b88d0933455f7a7e061f61fe .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u991942a1b88d0933455f7a7e061f61fe .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u991942a1b88d0933455f7a7e061f61fe .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u991942a1b88d0933455f7a7e061f61fe:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u991942a1b88d0933455f7a7e061f61fe .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u991942a1b88d0933455f7a7e061f61fe .u991942a1b88d0933455f7a7e061f61fe-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u991942a1b88d0933455f7a7e061f61fe:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Online Shopping Services For Consumers And Businesses EssayThroughout the novel, Huck takes on many roles that, for the most part, are comical. However, The final disguise is one which the reader seldom notices; that of the author, who speaks through the words and actions of Huck Finn. The last laugh goes to none other than Mark Twain himself.

How effectively did the Nazis deal with their political opponents Essay Example

How effectively did the Nazis deal with their political opponents Essay Hitler didnt wait for after his consolidation of power to gather information about the Marxists. So by the time of the Reichstag fire [27th February 1933] he had all information about the communists, including their whereabouts and this made it easier for him to arrest all of them in one night. After the Reichstag fire, which was supposedly a communist uprising started by Marinus van der Lubbe, was a two month purge of all communists. They were taken to local prisons, concentration camps or worst still, torture chambers set up by the SA [still in power before he Night of Long Knives] in homes. This was supposed to be a purge of the communists, but it showed that the SA was powerful enough to arrest anyone who dared to oppose the Nazi regime. This whole purge was called preventive detention, i. e. imprisoning people who harmed the state to prevent them from further doing so, but it was an open threat to opposition so that theyd either convert to Nazism or be way to frightened to ever oppose the Nazis. We will write a custom essay sample on How effectively did the Nazis deal with their political opponents specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on How effectively did the Nazis deal with their political opponents specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on How effectively did the Nazis deal with their political opponents specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Hitler didnt get rid of only the communists, he also effectively ealt with the Social Democrats and accused them and the center party of being communists. Jews were also included in this purge. Its said that he sent out instructions to arrest those who have been especially active in the political scenario. By late 1933, the Nazis had wiped out strong opposition organization in addition to closing down trade unions. The KPD [communist party] was forcibly disbanded; other parties disbanded themselves for fear of being confronted by the Nazis. Seizing this opportunity, Hitler banned all parties and the reation of new parties. Having a political meeting was considered to be a criminal offense. Political opposition was now divided and those who werent arrested went underground or fled, so there was little political resistance for more than a decade. It was easy to squelch the communists as they werent as strong as the communists in Russia, they had no strong leader with equal caliber or status as that of Stalin and they did not have a wide network of strong organizations. They were popular, as in well known, only ecause people were against them. Germans feared communist rule in Germany and were willing to let the Nazis repress the KPD. The KPD was greatly weakened by the fact that they took orders from the Moscow communists who insisted on a passive policy towards the Nazis as they [especially Stalin] thought Nazi rule would collapse very soon, and the communists would be victorious in Germany. They didnt know how Hitlers dictatorship and policies operated and adopted a rather casual, passive attitude towards the Nazis. The iggest blow to communists actually came with the [ironic] Nazi-Soviet Pact [1939]]. The Socialists were also weak and were easy prey for Hitler. After the depression, even trade unions were crippled and so the weapon of the socialists, a general strike, wasnt possible, so they couldnt use mass action against Hitler. Plus they had hardly any contacts with the establishment and were thus easily marginalized. Thus Hitler used clever manipulation, and played on the weak points his opposition, to ultimately get rid of them.

Biography of Plato

Biography of Plato Free Online Research Papers Although both Plato and Aristotle had a similar childhood and upraising and followed some of the same footprints both Aristotle and Plato share both many different moral and beliefs on certain issues such as epistemology, cosmology and body and soul theory. In Plato’s republic, Plato shows in the allegory of the cave many things that of which his beliefs on epistemology as he uses the cave to show the peoples shadows cast on the walls as a comparison as that’s all they can see so in turn the shadows are what the people see in our world. Plato also shows the chains to the stereotypical customs and norms, and because people are so busy with the shadows they ignore what is real. On the other hand Aristotle based things on what he could see and what had been shown. In his time Aristotle never met a purely just man, and there had been no sign of a purely justice man in history so he does not exist. Another topic Aristotle and Plato differ is in cosmology or the study of the physical universe as a phenomenon. Plato as many in his time believed in many gods’, of which one created the cosmos but he believes that the god did not make it out of nothing but things were already there because world was in the same of a sphere so in some sense was always perfect. On the other hand Aristotle states that the world did not come to be at one point but rather was already there to some degree for all eternity. Finally Plato and Aristotle contrast in the body and soul theory as Plato saw the body and soul as two different things. Plato believed there were two different worlds, a unreal world of the senses(where we live now) and the real world of ideal forms(where the soul originated) While Aristotle’s theory was based on the ideas of the relation of body and soul and how it was more generally a relation to form and matter. In Plato’s rebublic he discusses many things one of the main ideas was the idea of justice and what is juicte? At the begging of the first chapter Plato with a group of men poses the question of jusice and discusses what it truly means. Although Plato himself never gives jis actual definition of justice rather he has each man give their own definition and he points out the flaws of each. The first man to speak was Cephalus a respect wealthy gentleman, he dines justice as a attempt to to articulate the basic Hesiodic conception: that justice means living up to your legal obligations and being honest. Plato disproves this idea by giving the example of the mad man where in a sense it is the right thing to return a weapon to a madman because he owns the weapon and to some sense it belongs to him legally even though you know that by giving him the weapon beack is unjust because it threatns the life of others. In doing so Plato proves jusice cannot be nothing more than fol lowing the rules obligations and being honoset. The next man to speak was the first mans son and he explains justice, justice means that you owe friends help, and you owe enemies harm. Once again Plato disproves this idea by saying that in everyday life people do not always aaociate themselves with the best of people or friends and in this idea of justice sometimes people would be helping the bad and hurting the good time tpo time because sometimes yor enemeies are not the worst of people and your friends are not the best. Finally having become fed up of the arugument Thrasymachus inturpts and gives his definition as Justice is nothing more than the advantage of the stronger. He believes that it does not pay to be just. And he only thing that happens by being just is the benefit of other people and not yourself Lastly . Thrasymachus assumes here that justice is the unnatural and goes against our natural desire to have more. And the best thing to do is to ignore it because it does not in a ny way benit us to follow it. Once again rather than giving his own defntion of justice tells why Thrasymachus is wrong by givng three reasons. First he says that his idea make the idea of injustice a virtue and in some ways he glorifies it. And that by promting it its giving people the idea that its how has the most is the most virtuiest and trt to get as much property or money that you cn while here on earth. Second Plato explains jutice as to following some sort of rules which allow the groip to function so in doing so the only wat to reach the ultimate goal is to follow some sort of rules. Lastly he argues that it was said justie is a vitue of the ssoul, and by being virtuiols the soul was healthy and this is most diseable by the soul so by behaving badly the soul will in turn suffer. Finally after the conversation wraps up one of Plato’s young companions says states that all goods can be divided into three classes: things that we desire only for their consequences, such as physical training and medical treatment; things that we desire only for their own sake, such as joy; and things we desire both for their own sake and for what we get from them, such as knowledge, sight, and health. Glaucon proves his point by sharing the story of Gyges Ring, the story went a man is given a ring which makes him invisible, so once than man is givne the ring he can act unjustly and gain all he ateralsticy item he could pocess without getting in trouble. This tale he said proves that people are only just because they fear only the punishment by being unjust not by being unjust as there is nothing disearble by being just. Glaucon concludes by saying people prefer to be unjust, but its just not rational to do so, and he argues a unjust life is more pleasant then a just life. Plato believed that every human being on earth processed three souls, that of which correspond to the three classes of citizens within the state. The rational soul which is the mind, where it serves as the thinking part of each of us and distinguishes between what is real and what is not. The next is the spirted soul or free will to carry out everyday life and where it is there to carry out what the mind thinks is best. Lastly is the appetitive soul which is the emoinal part where each of us wants and feels things. And plato argues that it is only when the three souls are functioning as one in harmony is the human being just. One of Plato’s most regoncible example of his views can be sen in the â€Å"Allegory of the cave† which served as a metaphor to contrast the way in which we perceive and believe in what is reality. Plato used the cave as much more than just a cave but a symbol life and his basic background of what he believes in. Plato showed his ideas as humans inside the cave where in some ways they were imprisoned by their bodies and saw only what they could perceive by sight only, and due to the fact they are chained and can only see so far they are basically controlled, and Plato basically says that because of the situation the prisoners are mistaken to what is reality really is. Another topic Plato discussed was the simile of the divided line. Plato divides reality into two major groups, the Intelligible Realm and the Visible Rhealm. The Intelligible Realm is accessible through the mind and contain idas and concepts known as forms such as forms of good and forms of mathmetics and science. Next is the Visible Rhealm which is seen through the fiver senses and contains all phycisal matter and objects such as nature , animals and objecys as well as shadows, reflections and images. Another topic Plato discussed in the Rebblic was the noble lie of men. In this Plato describes a city where the people where organized into categories such as rulers, auxillaries or famers. The rulers or Guardians would be chosen from the military elite becuae they were good at looing at the best intrrst of the city. The auxillaries would then become guardians in traing. At this time the rulers must then tell the city the noble lie for there best intrest. The noble lie was what was told to the people of the city as they were not put into the social classes because of their own control but by what god wanted for them. The lie was hat as children god put either gold, silver or iron in the persons soul as those metals determin their class in society. The rulers told the familes wheater there childenr contained bronze or iron and if so they would drop drastically in ranks and if they told them there was gold they would become guardians instantly. Plato believed the lie was nessiary beca use it kept the social structure stable as the people believed god choice theiur destiny as so they were happy in their situation. And because there wer not many people cabable of looking after the cities best intrst the noble lie had to continue. Both the education and lifestyle of the Guardians is like that unlike anything seen today according to plato the guardians must have some sort of physical education In this phyical triand the guardians would get an idea of the nesseities of war rather than just sport. It is greatly emphized the idea of blance in music and poerty along side phyical traing as to much phycial traing will make the guardians beast while to much music and art will make them unfit or too soft. Another sort of traing the guardians are required in medical traing where doctors are trrained to cure the healthy and curable not the uncurable. And those who are dealthly ill must be left to wait and die. As for the lifestyle Male amd femlaes were both trained along side and got the same education and prepared for the same roles ven though plato agreed man and woman are two completely different natures. For the guardians sexual intercorse was only allowes to be taken place in certin times throughout the year at what they called festiviles where male and females were put together and made husabnd and wifes only for the festitles designed to conceieve a child, once born the childen are taken away so now one ones there real parents at any time two individuals have a child not in the festile times the child would be killed. In order to make sure that the community of guardians did not have incest every child born within seven and ten months must consume their own. Plato argued this was the only way to ensure the city to run smoothly where loyalty would not be dived and everyone in a sense is a family where everyone is equal and share all the same common outlook and concerns To conclude his argument that about justice and how a just life is more favorable he shares the myth of Er. Where a fallen solider in war named Er where he will receive reward in after life. According to the myth Er really did not die but instead is sent to heaven to watch all that happens and observe virtue. In this myth people are either rewarded in heaven or punished in hell for the choices in their life for 1000 years and then are given the choice to become a human or animal in their next life and depending how their past life was that life will determine whether it will be a good or bad next life Aristotle was a great philosopher that believed many things some of which are closely related to Plato but mostly in a sense greatly different. In arguably Aristoile’s greatest work Aristole’s Politics he outlines his basic beliefs and principles in both contrast and comparssion to plato. Aristolte believed many was by nature a poltical animal and that man can only be happy and achieve the good life by living in harmony as citizens within a state. Aristole defined a community as a collection of parts having some functions in common such as households, or economic classes or plotical units and within the city it is composed of indivdual citizens and with them and the natural resources or material things that makes up the state. Aristolte was also a great believer that the body and soul were two completely different things because the body is matter while the soul is form. Aristole believed that everything not just people were made up of both matter and form and that he did not favor either way that the soul is better and the body is almost trapt. Aristole believed everything is something and was orgaized in a certin way, and he believed the soul without the body of vise versa is irational. Aristolte believed the orgin of the state as a poltical community aimed at acheving the highest good. As to the relation of the family and village with the state aristole believed tht different kind of associations xist are founded becuae of different relationships. The basic assocation is the household, the village and finally the most important is the city where people who want to gain the the best life go. Aristole believed it was only within the city people could relize their true nture and outside of it there could be considerd worse than animas. Within the houise hold aristole believes there are three kind of relationships the master to slave, husband to wife and parent to child. Although aristole did nto himself believe in slavary he did in a sense that some people were slaves by nature and it was ok to be ruled, and this relates to the body and soul as the ,master pocesses powers as the slave lacks all of those and is left to perfom his duties. Regarding th houshold make up Aristole believe than women were ranked higher than slaves but not as much as men That the husband and wife share some of the same basic free’s but the male by naure is more fit to run and lead the family then the wife so that is why the husband not the wife who leads the household. Aristole believed greatly that friends were a big component of the good ife and regarded it as a vital part of human mortality. He believed justice was concerned with smooth running and fairnss of personal relations. Aristole claimed justice in the exchange of property requires careful understading in order to preserve equity. Arisole believed that there were six kinds of constitutions, three that were just and three that were unjust. He belived that a city is just when it bemefits eberytone in it but uinjust when it only benefits those who have power. Aristole states when a single person rules a consution it is a monachry if they are good and they are a tyranny is they are bad. When a small group rules it is a aristocracy and a oligarchy if they rule badly. And when a mass rule a constition it is a polity if they rule well and a democracy is they rule badly. Aristole belioevd that a polity is the least susepile to corruption as it gives the laws to higher authority then the governing body while giving the power to the governing body it gives more room abuse and corruption. Aristole purposed a distributive justice that benefirs should be advised differenlt to different citizens depending on the make up and well being of the sate. As much as they might share in common at times Aristole many different views on issues and one of those is Plato’s ideal state in the Rebublic.Plato believde that people should share as much as possible including wives, children and even property and the goal of the city is to achieve as much unity as possible. Aristole believed that it was very dangerous to leave the city in the hands of one class. And that in platos ideal state it deprives the guardians and by doing so the whole rebublicis deprived of happiness and goes against the idea of asssocation Arisole also believd that thi system was bad because people must have different roles within the city and contribute different hings in order for the city to run at its best and remain self sufficient. Aristole finds for major flaws in Palto’s ideas one Plato’s city required a huge amount of land but in no way planned to insure safety with his neighboirrs, two generocity should be the main principle of gaing wea lth, third plato conrxts himself by saying land should be divided into even spaces and distbuted between the people but made no plans on population growth and lastly plato aimed at a balnced government but inturn ends up with a oligracy. Aristole on the the other hand believed the ideal city should be made in order to insure the happiness of all the citizens with in the community. In his city Aristole would make sure it was large enough to insure it would remian self sfficent but still small enough to ensure fellow feeling. Aristole though that the ideal city should be located by water to allow easier sea commerece. He believed young me should serve in the military while middle aged men govern the city and the older men take care of all the relgious affiars and the bad jobs remain for the non citizens where they take cvare of farming and crafts. In his ideal state Aristole believed education was very important insuring a well run city, and he peferd a public program to private turoting. Aristole beliebvd care should be taken from the time they are in the womb through cildhood to be taught the right way and to be a better contrubtor in society. And finally Arsitole was a big bievler in reading in writing as well as physical educaton and art and drwaling. He believed this kind of educatrion was benefical to make the best out of each person and make the best out of their time of both work andd play to insure the good life. Aristole believd that the city varied greatly depending on the wealth, population and mau others. Aristole founf that the major downfall in any city is the tension between the rich and the poor, and that it is the middle class that keeps the cityu in equlabrium and helps fight agains coruption and opression. There are three branches of government the civic government are the deliberative, which makes most of the the major political decisions of the state; the executive, which help to run the day-to-day business with in the state; and the judicial, which delas with the legal affairs of the state. Aristole believd that It was not smart to disclude any one from public office because those are the peopl most of the time that rise against the government. So Aristoles recomfation was moderati, education and inclusiveness and that evertoyn the rich the poor and minortiy can be balanced by equal amount of power. So everyone is in a sense equal but balancwed with one in another Although both Plato’s Rebublic and Aristolte’s Poltics differ in many ways and share drastic view points and ideas they both In a sense share some of the same common grounds such as both looked to improving society although plato was more concerned with finding the perfect utopian socity and aristole knew there was no such thing and the best you can do is look to improve wjay is already there they both produced blueprints and showed what need to be done In order to have the society run and interact best. They both looked in the best interests of the citizens and wanted the city to run and its best and reach maximum happiness for the inhabitanyts. Both Plato and Aristole believd greatly in the idea of justice and allow thry both do not give a official defntion for them selves they both share the idea that justice exists in a objective sense and that it is there to insure the good life of all individuals no matter the class they are in wheather it is rich or poor. And no matter their viewpoint on the idea of justice for both it is used to insure equality. Even though Aristole found many flaws in P;ato’s idea of the perfect state it can be said that both aristole and plato shared the common ground in finding ways to best build a better socirty t live in and ry to insure a better future and both had a major impact on poltical scienstis as well as manuy individuals and still remain today two of the most inflnetial physphers of all time and both Aristole’s Poltics and Plato’s Rebublic have stood the test of time and each have many good tid bits to share and still relate to the world today. For my evualtion of both Aristole (Aristole’s Poltics) and Plato (Plato’s Rebublic) I would say in this ssesmster I learned many new things and ways of thinking that I was not normally use to see things in, but overall all I would saw in some sense I really like what both have to say but in some cases I still feel thayt they were truly dead wrong on the issue. What I really found myself asking as I wrote on both Plato and Aristole where still around today during modern times if today that they would change some of their outlooks and viewpoints. But overall im really glad I took this class because it really opened my mind to a new way of thinking if other wise I never would of gotten and taught me to think of things not just of normal thinking but in some cases out od the box. 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The Moorish Empire Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Moorish Empire - Essay Example It was the system of learning and education established by the Moors in Spain that gradually gained grounds in the rest of Europe. While in the Christian Europe the populations predominantly happened to be illiterate, Moors placed a highly value on knowledge and learning (Sordo & Swaan 117). During the times of the Moorish Empire, when the entire Europe could boast of merely two universities, the Moorish Empire was the home to almost seventeen universities placed at Almeria, Toledo, Cordova, Malaga, Cordova and other important cities (Sordo & Swaan 131). The Moorish Empire in Spain had well stocked libraries housing some of the most important manuscripts and books. The library at Cordova happened to be one of the most expansive and well stocked libraries in Europe (Sordo & Swaan 55). It was this rich and well endowed system of education introduced by Moors in Europe that laid down the foundations for European Renaissance. It was the Moors who organized agriculture in Spain along the modern lines. They introduced elaborate systems of irrigation through artificially planned and constructed water channels, used modern manures and cultivation methods and introduced many new crops to Europe that included citrus fruits, cotton, sugarcane, dates, ginger, peaches, apricots and many more (Fletcher 63). The new crops introduced by Moors in Spain in a way altered and transformed the local cuisine and this had a profound influence on the culinary techniques and tastes in Europe. The Moorish Empire also influenced the fashion and dressing styles in Europe (Sordo & Swaan 145). The urban planning of the Moorish Empire readily excelled over that of any other European nation or city. The capital of Al Andalus that is Cordoba happened to be an important city of those times that had all the modern urban utilities like hospitals, street lights, public baths, mosques, libraries and running water (Fletcher 65). The Moors introduced to Europe a detailed and

History of Social Thought Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

History of Social Thought - Essay Example History of Social Thought Karl Marx is one of the most distinguished philosophers and intellectuals the world has ever produced. Social class is the division of groups and individuals living in a social establishment on the basis of political status, financial position, educational background and economic ranking. Having a keen observation and a comparative account of the ancient times civilizations, it appears crystal clear that all human societies, from the most prehistoric ones, belonging to the Paleolithic and Neolithic eras, to the most modern technological societies of contemporary times, have been socially stratified since ever. â€Å"From cradle to grave†, Cuber witnesses, â€Å"position in the stratification hierarchy is one of the most important facts circumscribing the formation of personality and the freedom of action of the person.† (1959: 432) Sociological researches also affirm the evidence of divergent socioeconomic classes in every culture and civilization even during the prehis toric times. â€Å"According to historical and archaeological records†, Tumin observes, â€Å"stratification was present even in the small wandering bands that characterized society in the earliest days of man. In such primitive conditions both age and sex in combination with physical strength must have been important criteria of stratification.†The most prominent aspect of the Marxian Theory of Social Class is the existence of conflict between divergent social classes.

Professional Accountability Discussion Paper (nursing) Essay

Professional Accountability Discussion Paper (nursing) - Essay Example This discussion is about the professional accountability of persons engaged in the medical profession. Due to the advancements in the medical technology, today doctors are able to offer treatments that cure even the very complicated conditions. People with potentially life threatening conditions are able to prolong their lives due to the remarkable improvements in the treatments. But here doctors are faced with an important issue of explaining to the patient the kind of treatment to be administered, the possible results, side effects that may occur and get the consent of the patient. Obtaining the consent of the patient is very essential to commence any kind of treatment. Patient autonomy which means the right of the patient who is in a sound mental capacity to take the decision whether to acceptor refuse the treatment is given utmost importance. If the patient is not in a state of mind to give his consent, efforts should be made to find out the views expressed by him earlier in this regard or the consent of the closest family member should be obtained. When neither could be done, that situation put doctors in a fix. They land in an ethical dilemma as to whether to save the life of the patient or to respect his own decision even if it would lead him to his end of life. The following problem deals with such a kind. You are working in a casualty department of a large hospital. An accident victim is rushed in one evening. He is conscious, but badly injured and desperately in need a blood transfusion. However, he turns out to have religious principles that forbid the exchange of blood. You explain the situation to him, including the very really threat to his survival if he does not have a transfusion. He clearly understands exactly what you are telling him, but still refuses to accept a transfusion, and asks you to do what you can by other means. He

Employee recruitment in China

Employee recruitment in China Introduction The introduction of the ‘‘open-door policy in 1978 has sparked exceptional economic growth in mainland China. A significant driving force of this remarkable economic feat remains China as one of the worlds most attractive destinations for foreign capital investment. In 2008, â€Å"foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows reached US$109 billion and recorded a period growth of 41.1% in real terms between 2003 and 2008†. The Chinese government generally welcomes foreign investment and implements a wide range of incentive policies to foreign businesses (Euromonitor, 2010). With the growing importance of the Chinese domestic market to the world economy and introduction of government incentives, large number of international companies has established operations in China. The opening up of the vast market has formed many opportunities and, at the same time, created many problems to foreign enterprises (Siu Darby, 1999). This mainly because of the unique political, economi c and cultural environment different in China, it led foreign investors or expatriates manager difficult to introduce their preferred approach in managing the employees and the organisation in China (Siu Darby, 1999). Human resource management is one of the mostly frequently discussed ( Bjorkman Lu, 1999), as well as managing local Chinese employees away from ones home office is never an easy task (Gross, 2007). The purpose of this working paper is to review the major HRM challenges of multinational enterprises (MNEs) operating in China; the issues they faces when trying to apply global corporate HR policies in Chin with a focus on their justice implications. It begins with review of the recent China employment and recruitment situations, and then the evidences of challenges issues facing of MNE in Chinas HRM practices. In the following section includes several major HR critical issues in training and development and staff retaining. At the end of the section, major issues of employees management included leader developing, cross-cultural expatriates management and managerial effectiveness in cross-cultural are individually introduced. A research area is then identified in the conclusions. Recruitment Recruitment is about selecting and recruiting employees. The purposes of recruitment help MNE to meet the organization everyday jobs, legal and social obligations regarding the composition of the workforce. This increases organizational and individual effectiveness in the short term and the long term (Schuler and Huber, 1993). Analysed by most of the MNE industries, online advertising of recruitment is now a standard part of the recruitment process for them. It has been embraced by technology companies like IBM and cosmetics company Loreal in China evaluates their prospects from online recruitment (Xinhua News Agency, 2010). However, many multinational companies assume that a country with a population as large as Chinas would not have a labor shortage. In fact, the rising demand for Chinese labor has exceeded its supply, and hiring talented employees is even more difficult (Gross Connor, 2007). Chinas rapid economic growth has caused the countrys huge labour force faces difficulty i n providing the right skills needed for many foreign companies. Research found that this is mainly due to inadequate and out-of-date university training; graduates often do not possess the required skills including computer literacy and foreign languages. Cheap labour costs have long been history Chinas advantage over other developing countries which enhance the countrys competitiveness in attracting FDI. But Chinas booming coastal cities are now actually facing a shortage of manual labour, become a major issue for most MNEs manufacturing sector suffer in manual labour recruiting (CRIENGLISH.com, 2010). Guangdong, one of the economic powerhouses in South China Province, reported a shortage of half a million workers as business has skyrocketing for many companies (Xinhua News Agency, 2010). Some manufacturers closed down production lines because they could not find enough workers. â€Å"Low-wage workers are fading from the scene†, leading foreigner investors struggle with near double-digit unemployment (Xinhua News Agency, 2010). However, â€Å"higher wages could ease labor shortages by prompting factories to reduce their work forces† (New York Times, 2010). Hence the provincial authority has adjusted the minimum wage by an average of 21% to attract the labour mainly blue collar. â€Å"The rise will bring the minimum wage up to 1,030 yuan (150 U.S. dollars) in the provincial capital, Guangzhou, and to 920 yuan in Dongguan, a major manufacturing center† (Xinhua News Agency, 2010). Similarly to other booming regions like coastal cities of Fujian Province, Jiangsu Province and Shanghai City raised its monthly minimum wage rate by 13 percent to 960 yuan. According to Euromonitor (2010), â€Å"Chinas productivity stood at US$6,286 per person employed in 2009, significantly up from US$2,641 in 2004 owing to the countrys strong economic performance†. Critically, recruitment of factories manual labour is becoming an issue for many MNEs in China and employers have to increase their starting pay to attract them. Accordingly, the hiring of blue-collar is getting tougher and tougher in China because of one-child policy adopted by China in 1978. The parents with child born in late 1980 and early1990s are normally at middle-class income groups; as a result they can afford to send their children up to tertiary education. Overtime these groups of children are in the age of 20s now and are more educated and hence no longer willing to work in factories. They are far too optimistic about their career options and see no need to work hundreds of miles from their families. Besides, the new generation of workers born in the 1980s and 1990s are aware of their employment rights. For example, â€Å"unions have begun to aggressively exercise their rights by engaging in organizational efforts with large multinational companies such as Intel after informal discussions have failed† (Gross Connor, 2007). Commonly in China, Younger Chinese become major trends in the current labor market. They not only dem and higher pay but also ask for better opportunities for career development. Similarly, skilled middle managers are extremely sought after (Gross Connor, 2007). The Cultural Revolution had invaded the education of those born between 1950 and 1965 (Wang, 2002). During that time, people of this generation were sent to the countryside to work in agriculture. The so-called â€Å"Cultural Revolution Generations† in China are less recruit due to their lacking in skills (Gross Connor, 2007). While recruiting qualified Chinese labour is challenging from both of legal and human resources standpoint (BizTimes, 2007). Employers that are willing to take the time to understand the Chinese labour market and recent economic trend of employment will likely be successful. Training Training is mainly on-the-job and is seen as a lifelong process (Fischer, 2000). It focuses on employees knowledge, skills, attitudes and personalities (Human Resource Development Review, 2002). These enable staff members to discharge their job related skills and duties professionally and effectively (Grzeda, 1999). Training for newly hired employees have to go classroom curriculum like company policies, labor law, company culture, compensation packages, company expectations, company goals, company KPI (Key Performance Index) and of course hands-on equipment training (Kleiman, 1997). Companies in China for example in Electronic Industries spent between 1 to 3% from the overall input cost on training. (Xiao J Tsang M.C, 1999) But the number is gradually going up for a simple reason due to high attrition rate, particularly amongst the younger workers. The attrition rate always a worsening effect on the company as other FDI move in and attract those workers with managerial experience, offering better pay rates and further training opportunities (Randeree, 2009). The rich and wealthy companies are willing to pay handsomely for the experienced staffs of other companies and competitors. As in common, the culture of pinch staffs from one another is common in China (Wong, 1999). Despite Chinas high adult literacy rate of 94.5% in 2009, the countrys huge labour force faces difficulty in providing the right skills needed to support Chinas rapid economic growth (www.euromonitor .com). Research finding has showed the local Chinese graduates do not possess the required skills including computer literacy and foreign languages due to out-of-date university training. In order to cope with skills shortage problem, training programme provided in MNEs suit various needs (Cheung, 2004). They include overseas training programmes, on-site management skills development programmes and language courses (Wang, 2002). In fact, staff Training can help MNEs in China reduce turnover. Young Chinese professionals and graduates are attracted to the training opportunities that foreign companies can offer (Shen, 2006). Most of Chinese are not well-versed in spoken English language. Many MNEs send their employees for overseas training to enhance themselves in spoken English and true un derstanding of Western business practices (Waxin, 2007). Besides, it also creates a closer bond between employees and a better understanding of company culture (Ritchie et al., 2001). Rather than that, every company has their own training centre equipped with comprehensive training systems and real-live hand-on training equipments. Many of them have established their own training facilities. These programs have proven effective in building company loyalty and increasing retention (Meier, 1995). These may cost heavy, but they cannot do without it. Carrefour China, an example, established a Carrefour China Institute (CCI) in Shanghai in year 2000 to train Chinese managers (China Daily, 12 AUG 2008). Since then, the school has trained about 15,000 managers, and 40,000 employees have attended a range of training programs for self improvement. Regularly, a number of local managers are sent off to Europe for further training to gain greater overseas market knowledge and experience. Wal-Ma rt Chinas regional training centers, also located in Shanghai are other examples of winning internal training programs (Gross and Connor, 2007). Retention The most valuable assets of every MNE are its labor force; retaining them has become a challenge to company management because of varied employee needs (Som, 2005).Employee retention is critically benefited for an organization save the cost of turning over a staff position (Berry, 2008). For most MNEs in China, recruiting is only half the game. However, the biggest challenge that companies face, by a significant margin, is difficult to keep the talent employees as well as attract the excellent and qualified candidates among the masses. It is gradually increase complexity for companies in China to retain key talent, mainly as the lure of higher salaries affect the Chinese to abandon posts for more lucrative positions. Empirical study showed Chinese employees aged between 25 and 29 shift jobs most frequently, which implies this group of employees is the hardest to retain (www.mercer.com.hk). Hewitts 2009/2010 data shows that most Asian companies continue to experience double-digit volu ntary turnover rate, particularly China reported the top four markets which is the highest turnover rate after India, Australia and New Zealand (www.hewittassociates.com). Obviously, the high employees turnover rate has become the significant issue of most organization. Significantly, it has morale and financial impact on the daily operation of an organization (Cox Blake, 1991). While many would believe comparatively high turnover rate in China mainly due the competition for talent along with better wages offer from competitors (Byman, 2007). MNES move in and attract those worker with managerial experience, offering better training opportunities (Whiteley et al., 2000).The survey of ‘Employee Retention in China 2006–2007 sheds light on why employees determine to stay or leave and what organizations can do to stanch the accelerating outward flow of human talent (Howard et al., 2007). Survey respondents included 215 HR professionals and 862 employees in a wide range of organizations operating in China; while 81 % participants organizations were multinational (Work and life in China, 2008). To summaries the findings, the cause of turnover is the availability of better career opportunities elsewhere, particularly the growing entry of new MNES each year (Tung, 2007). HR professionals from survey described that competitors presenting a better salaries and sufficient compensation, but also noted the impact on retention of regional salary differences between Chinas coastal and inland cities (Howard et al., 2007). Not surprising, organizations that face high employee turnover often suffer negative residual effects among remaining employees. In short, the misunderstanding of employees needs is difficult for a company to retain and prevent turnovers (Branham, 2005).However, successful companies in China rely on a relatively small group of key talent to drive the business forward (Speth and Doeringer, 2006). The key strategy of MNEs applied to retain the talents further discuss in next paragraph. A high rate of turnover usually forces an organization to face difficult dilemmas (Wong. Wong. Hui Law, 2001) More and more people change numerous jobs within a year rather than choose to grow in one; and this has also been a problem for corporate management. Employee turnover demands management attention because it incurs costs in rehiring, training, placement, and motivating employees (Aberra, 2008). However,high employee satisfaction with working style of an organization should bode well for retention (Howard et al., 2007). Retaining often focus on opportunities for employers to promote the right employees or tangible rewards like compensation or remuneration based on appropriate performance appraisal (Whiteley et al., 2000). For instance, a comprehensive reward system can be a kind of rewarding either pay for hours worked or pay for pieces of work completed. Besides, most companies have retention bonuses to retain the key staffs and key talents. Some of the retention programs ar e sponsor for further educations, overseas training, stocks option and career advancement opportunities (Branham, 2001). Of cause conditionally, the employees who took the programs like further educations or overseas training have to be borne with company for number of years pending the amount spent. Commonly, talented employees would be less likely to leave the company ones if they are well compensated and motivated (Hong Chao, 2007 p. 217). However, sometimes retention method was inconsistent with its value in specific instances. Therefore, organizations should aware to these specialized occasions when developing strategies for retaining talent. Managing Employees Leaders developing For foreign companies operating in China, the difficulties are magnified by the talent shortage for future leader, particularly of managers and executives. For example, approximately 60% of companies surveyed in Hewitts 2003 Best Employers in China study reported shortages in leadership skills (www. hewittassociates.com). It further reported many talented executive have been lured away from an MNE job into a well-paid position with a leading Chinese company. For many foreign investors, developing future leaders tends to be very difficult in China mainly of rapid turnover. A good example is the America firm Leshan-phoenix Semiconductor Cooperation, in Sichuan Province, struggling with annual turnover rates of their local managers of 20% or more (onsemiconductor.com, 2010). This is mainly because demand for strong leadership executives far exceeds supply; they are tempted to leave their current position for higher pay and a bigger title (Meridian Resources, 2007). In fact, a competent leader helps multi-national corporations work effectively in the Chinese workplace. As foreign company enter fully into China marketplace, it forming competing domestically with local corporations. High turnover makes planned, consistent leadership development extremely difficult. Cross-cultural expatriates management China is the top expatriates destination followed by the U.S., UK, Singapore and Switzerland, survey reveals (kwintessential.co.uk, 2009). But, predicament comes from greatest challenges of expatriates failure grown concern for many multinationals in the evaluation of managerial performance (Leunga and Kwong, 1999). Evidence, empirical figures finds Western expatriate failures in China to range as wide as 25% to 70% (Harzing, 2002; Selmer, 2002). Significantly, such high failure rates potential impact business relationships between Western expatriates and Chinese organizations. Whereby, a financial loss can be inferred, due to damage to business relationships as a result of low commitment levels commited by expatriate (Lund Barker, 2004; Harzing, 2002). Lund Barker (2004) further cited such financial loss is estimated to range from US$250,000 to US$ 1,000,000 per expatriate. Further, Goodall Warner cited in Black (1988), 2007) showed there is high percentage up to 40% of expatriate managers terminated their foreign assignments early of their poor performance. Eventually it represents the organizational failure to manage human resources internationally (moinul.com, 2007). However, there might be several reasons why many expatriates fail to deliver the objectives. Research found that (Hays, 1974; Feng Pearson, 1999), they are three exact dimensions have been recognized as related with their overseas performance: the environment, the task, and the individual. This is due to expatriates are often faced with radically unfamiliar cultures, politics, language differences, length of assignment, and legal systems (Rahim, 1983; Feng Pearson, 1999). Sometimes, there is not inability from expatriates, but culture conflict affect local Chinese managers are less likely than their foreign counterpart to handle independent decision making responsibilities (Leunga Kwong, 1999). Chinese and expatriate managers may have different principles in judging within their job scope as well as criteria used for performance evaluation. Managerial effectiveness in cross-cultural Culture is an important contextual issue in employees management study. In general, management is closely related to the culture (Drucker, 2003). According to Wang (2002), the communist style of education and the long history of China differentiate the cultures of organization management between Mainland China from those of Asian countries, American and European cultures. This is especially true for MNEs who have operations on a global scale and employ people of different countries, ethical and cultural backgrounds. Cultural difference can have a direct impact on individual managerial effectiveness (Goodall Warner, 2007). It affects the motivation and satisfaction manager as well as staff; and effectiveness of key organizational systems such as recruitment, training, performance evaluation and rewards (Goodall Warner, 2007). Sometimes cultural sensitivity drove the management effort since the different in culture of management concept. Take the case study of Japanese T.L. Electroni cs Company based in China for example, the Chinese workers commented the style of Japanese management is not conductive their expectation (Whiteley et al., 2000). It is generally assumed the HR management approach is due to remarkable cultural difference between the parent country and the host country. In fact, a MNE should focus on a combination of global integration and local adaptation, allowing its employees to â€Å"think globally, act locally†. To ensure global thinking, the global company has to encourage the local employees to accept the corporate culture and values. For instance, Chinese employee who employed in the Western setting is encouraged to learn the Western-style organization management and communication skills. Meanwhile, operations of the Company have to adjust to comply with the legal requirements and services that reflect the Chinese culture. Conclusions In conclusions, recruiting the right people, training in right time, retaining the best staff, and employees empowerment of recent human resource management are difficult tasks for any MNEs operating in China. Chinas rapid economic growth has created more job opportunities but it also creates more opportunities for labour turnover to others organizations with higher paid indeed. This heavy labour turnover in China has been a substantial problem in managing Chinese employees .This hindered many multinational corporations localization plans because those talents who have been trained for succession have usually ended up as the focus of aggressive recruiting efforts by other organizations. Eventually, they face a dilemma of whether it is worthwhile to invest in better compensation packages and training programs, because it might possible happen with the employees leaving the organizations at the end. However, every issue has its balanced view of its advantages. Still, China Government, Provincial Government, City and Town Government give the best support to foreign investors in terms tax rebate, , free land, training cost subsidizes and so forth. Even though the labour cost (cost on training and wages) is growing fast in China but it is still cheaper than America, Europe and most of well to-do countries in Asia like Japan, Korea, Singapore, Taiwan and Hong Kong. At least, the great population of China is having highly educated workforce with hungry for knowledge, it is easily trainable. References Xinhua News Agency, 2010. ‘Chinese manufacturers learn to love labor lost http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/china/2010-03/25/c_13224772.htm Gross, A., Connor, A. (2007). China Recruiting and Retention Issues http://www.pacificbridge.com/publication.asp?id=81 BizTimes. (2007). Employee recruitment in China is challenging New York Times. 2010. ‘Defying Global Slump, China Has Labor Shortage http://www.nytimes.com/2010/02/27/business/global/27yuan.html

Abortion - The Wrong Choice Essay -- The Right to Life, Pro-Life Essays

Positive . How often do people hear that word? "Your blood type is a positive. "Are you positive?" "Your pregnancy test is positive." Thousands of women hear the word "positive" every year and, for some, the moment is unwanted. Abortion often seems like the only way out of a positive pregnancy test, partially because abortion is not completely understood. This is because many pro-choice advocates use "sugar coated" words to explain abortion. This fact was made known to the public in 2004 when, while considering a law banning partial-birth abortions, Judge Richard C. Casey had the following conversation (exerted from World magazine) with an anonymous abortion-industry witness. "Do you use simple English words so that they know what they're doing and authorizing?" When the witness answered yes, he probed further. "Do you discuss killing the fetus?" "I tell them that when I cut the umbilical cord of the fetus, the fetus exsanguinates." "Exsanguinwhat?" the judge replied. "In layman's terms, it would be drained of blood." "Do you tell them that?" "No." Many people regard abortion as the only way out of an unplanned pregnancy and that is where they are misled. While women retain the legal right to decide on abortion, they're under the influence of an allusion that abortion is the only option and a safe and has little or no side effects. The Planned Parenthood website, often visited by women considering abortion, says that abortion is one of the safest medical procedures performed today. According to Planned Parenthood, when abortion is performed properly, abortion has only mild side effects including dizziness, strong cramps, vomiting, temporary a domino pain, diarrhea, temporary mild fever or paints. Planned P... ... pregnancy, and certainly not the safest. Abortion poses risks to women, including desk, losses of Philip the two bear children, and possibly breast cancer. Aborting the fetus causes the fetus pain and takes away its life, something no human to do to another. Planned Parenthood and the National Abortion Federation?s desire to make abortion appealing to all women in all situations, has led them to compromise the law, to the point of not reporting statuary rate. Abortion is not the best answer to an unplanned pregnancy. It is understood that not all women can care for their unborn children, but there are hundreds of families across the country who would be glad to adopt the unborn babies. The word ?positive? does not have to indicate an abortion. Abortion is not the safest or only action, and women throughout the United States should be informed of that. And

Ap Euro Martin Luther Conservative or Revolutionary Essay

â€Å"Luther was both a revolutionary and a conservative.† Evaluate this statement with respect to Luther’s responses to the political and social questions of his day. Martin Luther was one of the greatest monks, priests, and theological teachers of Germany, along with being the symbol of the Protestant Reformation. He did not start off so religious however. One day he was caught in a frightening and dangerous storm. He prayed to God begging not to be killed, and vowed to become a monk if he survived. He did live, upholding his word to the lord, and joined a monastery. He joined an Augustinian friary in 1505, where he suffered from anfechtung, or spiritual anxiety. He never knew if he was doing enough good works to achieve salvation and gain entrance to the kingdom of heaven, as it was believed by the Catholic religion that it took good works along with faith in order to enter. To take his mind off of his religious worries, he was recommended to a teaching post at the University of Wittenberg. There, he taught theology and was quite popular among his students. Luther suffered from constant constipation, so he often read the bible while on the toile t. One day while doing this a certain passage from the epistle of St. Paul to the Romans: â€Å"the just shall live by faith,† which led to Luther’s core belief of sola fide, or faith alone. Through this belief, Luther believed that the only thing needed to achieve salvation was to live by faith alone, which challenged the Roman Catholic Church’s theology that both faith and good works were necessary. Luther shared his beliefs with the people of the Holy Roman Empire, demanding change to the way theology was widely taught. He agreed with parts of the current teachings and was conservative, wanting to keep parts of the religion the same. He kept the sacraments, however reduced the amount of them from 7 to 2. He was also like many Roman Catholic religious figures, anti-Semitic. Lutheranism, as his religion came to be called, became more submissive to the state as well. However Luther also had many revolutionary ideas, which angered those of the RCC. In response to the political problems, he wished to do away with the process of indulgences, which were  no more than pieces of paper in his eyes as works had nothing to do with salvation. His nailing of the 95 Theses highly angered the church authorities, as it went against everything they taught and believe. However in his response to the social problem of the Peasant’s Revolt, he told the princes to crush those who rebelled, as social revolution was not his intention. After careful evaluation, Martin Luther has proven to be both a revolutionary as well as a conservative. Luther proved himself time and again of his revolutionary approach to religion. His best example of this was the 95 Theses. Johann Tetzel, a German Roman Catholic priest, was selling an expensive indulgence as a fund-raising idea of Pope Leo X to finance the building of St. Peters basilica. When one of Luther’s parishioners came to confession, he presented an indulgence he had paid for, claiming he no longer had to repent of his sins, since the document promised to forgive all his sins. Luther was outraged, and wrote up the Ninety-Five Theses, protesting the sale of indulgences, which he proceeded to nail to the door of All Saints’ Church in Wittenberg Germany. He did this on a major Catholic holiday, All Saints Day, which struck at the core of the Catholic religion. The most prominent, challenging, and well known was Theses 86 which read â€Å"Why does the pope, wh ose wealth today is greater than the wealth of the richest Crassus, build the basilica of Saint Peter with the money of poor believers rather than with his own money?† He said indulgences did not do what the Church said it did because salvation was granted by sola fide. The ideas in the Ninety-Five Theses quickly spread throughout Europe via the moveable type printing press. Another time Luther engaged in revolutionary actions was at The Disputation at Leipzig. He was invited to participate in the Church-sponsored debate, as the Church wanted a dialogue concerning Luther’s challenges to Catholic doctrine and practices. RCC leaders at Leipzig declared that Luther’s ideas were wrong because the pope and Church traditions could not be wrong. Luther then shocked everyone, denying the authority of the pope and church councils. He declared that the only authority on matters of faith for Christians was the Bible. He said that sola scriptura, or scripture alone, determined the belief of Christians, not the teachings of the Pope. Upon the conclusion of the meeting at Leipzig, Luther was threatened with a papal bull of excommunication, which he burned in protest. Luther also showed revolutionary idea at the Diet of Worms. He  was called to attend by Charles V, the recently elected Holy Roman Emperor. At the assembly, Luther was asked if he had written the â€Å"Ninety-Five Theses,† â€Å"The Address to the Christian Nobility,† â€Å"The Babylonian Captivity of the Church,† and other works. Luther accepted the accusations and acknowledged that he had written them, and when asked to recant his ideas or suffer the consequences, he requested a night to think about his decision. When Luther returned the next day, he stood firm when asked if he would recant and proudly declared â€Å"Here I stand, I can do no other.† Luther was then declared a heretic and became a marked man. Troops of Frederick the Elector rescued Luther and took him to safe hiding in Wartburg Castle, where he proceeded to translate the Bible into the vernacular, which was highly against the teachings of the church and very illegal. He also declared that monks and nuns were not obligated to uphold their vows. Luther not only acted revolutionarily towards political religious issues, but towards the social issues of the time as well. The most well known was the Peasants’ Revolt. Some religious leaders twisted and perverted Luther’s ideas to benefit their own causes, with the most prominent being Thomas Mà ¼ntzer. They wrote the â€Å"Twelve Articles†: a petition of peasant demands and sent it to the Swabian League that called upon the Holy Roman Emperor to help the peasantry deal with economic and religious issues. When Charles V ignored the â€Å"Twelve Articles,† preachers led by Mà ¼ntzer stirred the masses to revolt against the nobles. Luther believed the peasants were way out of line, as he was adamantly against mixing religious reformation with political and social revolution. He disassociated himself with Mà ¼ntzer and the revolting peasants. He urged the princes to work together to â€Å"slaughter the swine,† or the peasants. He argued that reli gious subjects must be subordinate to their secular authorities. Luther proved himself a revolutionary over and over through many acts throughout his religious life. Though Luther was a revolutionary, many of his actions also dictate a conservative approach, wanting to keep some things the same or even go back to the way they used to be. An important message Luther delivered was that good Christians owed obedience to established authority in worldly matters. Lutheranism viewed the state with more respect than other religions did. Lutheranism was much more submissive to the state. He insisted that Christian liberty was an internal freedom, known only to God. Luther wanted the church teachings to  go back to how they used to be, based on sola scriptura or scripture alone, without the need of outside interpretation by the pope, bishops, abbots, etc. He was conservative in that he made many alliances with princes who liked his ideas, spreading them to their own kingdoms. He didn’t side with armed rebellions, citing his name, against the nobility in regions of Germany, instead he backed the nobility, telling them to work together to â€Å"slaughter the swine.† He did not want to do away with the sacraments, however he did want to reduce them from seven to two. This showed how he did not want to change all parts of the Roman Catholic religion, only parts. Also, like most religious figures of the time Martin Luther was anti-Semitic. He wanted all the Jewish people to convert to Lutheranism, as he did not believe the Jewish religion was correct in its teachings and be liefs. He restricted the right of private judgement in matters involving conscience, but never denied it. A conservative in the way he did things, Luther was truly a great leader. Luther believed that the only thing needed to achieve salvation was to live by faith alone, which challenged the Roman Catholic Church’s theology that both faith and good works were necessary. Luther shared his beliefs with the people of the Holy Roman Empire, demanding change to the way theology was widely taught. He agreed with parts of the current teachings and was conservative, wanting to keep parts of the religion the same. He kept the sacraments, however reduced the amount of them from 7 to 2. An anti-Semitic, Luther displayed similarities with other religious officials. Lutheranism became more submissive to the state, as Luther believed that in worldly matters religion has to listen to authority. However Luther also had many revolutionary ideas, which upset those of the RCC as it went against the basics of Roman Catholic teachings. In response to the political problems, he wished to do away with the money robbery of the selling of indulgences, which were no more than pieces of paper in his eyes as works had nothing to do with salvation. His nailing of the 95 Theses made the power of the church authorities fluctuate, as it went against everything they taught their followers and everything they had been taught.. However in his response to the social problem of the Peasant’s Revolt, he told the princes to crush those who rebelled, as social revolution was not his intention. He meant to keep the matters of social or political problems separate from religious reform. After carefully evaluating his actions,  Martin Luther has proven to be both a revolutionary as well as a conservative on multiple occasions.

Habits and Traits of Jumping Spiders

Habits and Traits of Jumping Spiders When you look at a jumping spider, it will look right back at you with large, forward-facing eyes. They can be found throughout the world in the Americas, Europe, Asia, Africa, and Australia. Salticidae is the largest family of spiders, with over 5,000 species described worldwide. While more prevalent in the tropics, jumping spiders are abundant nearly everywhere in their range. Jumping Spider Traits Jumping spiders are small and scrappy carnivores. They are often fuzzy and measure less than a half inch in body length. Salticids can run, climb, and (as the common name suggests) jump. Prior to jumping, the spider attaches a silk thread to the surface beneath it, so it can climb quickly back to its perch if needed. Salticids, like most other spiders, have eight eyes. Their unique eye arrangement makes it easy to differentiate jumping spiders from other species. A jumping spider has four eyes on its face, with an enormous pair in the center, giving it an almost alien appearance. The remaining, smaller eyes are located on the dorsal surface of the cephalothorax (a structure combining the fused head and thorax). The Himalayan jumping spider (Euophrys omnisuperstes) lives at high elevations in the Himalayan mountains. They feed on insects that are  carried up the  mountain on the wind from lower elevations. The species name, omnisuperstes, means highest of all, so its not that surprising that specimens of this remarkable species have been found on Mount Everest at elevations of 22,000 feet. Fast facts: Jumping Spider Classification Kingdom: AnimaliaPhylum: ArthropodaClass: ArachnidaOrder: AraneaeFamily: Salticidae Diet and Life Cycle Jumping spiders hunt and feed on small insects. All are carnivorous, but a few species also eat pollen and nectar. Female jumping spiders build a silk case around their eggs and often stand guard over them until they hatch. (Youve probably seen these spiders with their eggs in corners of exterior windows or door frames.) Young jumping spiders emerge from the egg sac looking like miniature versions of their parents. They molt and grow into adulthood. Special Behaviors and Defenses As the common name suggests, a jumping spider can jump quite far, achieving distances more than 50 times its body length. If you examine their legs, however, youll notice that they are not strong or muscular in appearance. Rather than relying on muscle strength to leap, salticids are able to quickly increase the blood pressure in their legs, which causes the legs to extend and propel their bodies through the air. The size and shape of jumping spiders eyes give afford them excellent vision. Salticids use their enhanced sight to their advantage as hunters, employing their high-resolution vision to locate potential prey. Some jumping spiders mimic other insects such as ants. Others are able to camouflage themselves to blend into their surroundings, helping them sneak up on prey. Insects and spiders with heightened visual acuity often engage in elaborate courtship dances to attract mates, and jumping spiders are no exception to this rule. Sources Borror and DeLongs Introduction to the Study of Insects,  7th edition, by Charles A. Triplehorn and Norman F. Johnson.The Insects: An Outline of Entomology, 3rd edition, by  P. J. Gullan and P. S. Cranston.  Family Salticidae - Jumping Spiders, Bugguide.net. Accessed online February 29, 2016.Salticidae, Tree of Life Web Project, Wayne Maddison. Accessed online February 29, 2016.Tales of the Himalaya: Adventures of a Naturalist, by Lawrence W. Swan.

WARD Name Meaning and Surname Origin

WARD Name Meaning and Surname Origin Ward is a popular  last name of Old English and Old Gaelic origins dating back prior to the Norman Conquest of 1066.   The Old English surname Ward has several possible meanings: An  occupational surname for a guard or keeper of the watch, from the Old English weard, meaning guard.A geographical or topographical surname for a person who lived near a guardhouse or fortress.Also possibly as a topographical surname from the word werd, meaning marsh. The Ward surname may also be of Irish origin from the Irish last name McWard and variations such as MacAward, MacEvard, MacEward, and Macanward. It derives from the old Gaelic name Mac an Bhaird, from the prefix Mac, meaning son of and bhaird, a Gaelic word meaning bard or poet. Ward may also possibly be an Americanized form of the French surname Guerin, which means guard. Ward is the 71st most popular surname in the United States. Ward is also popular in England, coming in as the 31st most common surname. Statistics collected in Ireland from the 1891 census peg Ward as the 78th most common Irish surname. Surname Origin:  English, Irish Alternate Surname Spellings:  WARDE, WARDEN, WARDMAN, WORDMAN, WARDS, MCWARD, WARDLE, WARDLOW, WARDALE Famous People With the Last Name WARD ​Julia Ward Howe - best known as writer of Battle Hymn of the RepublicBilly Ward and his Dominoes - successful African-American RB vocal groupAaron Montgomery Ward - founder of the Montgomery Ward catalog and retail storeHines Ward - former NFL wide receiver for the Pittsburgh SteelersM. Ward - American singer, songwriter Genealogy Resources for the WARD Surname 100 Most Common U.S. Surnames Their MeaningsSmith, Johnson, Williams, Jones, Brown... Are you one of the millions of Americans sporting one of these top 100 common last names from the 2000 census? Ward, Wardle, Warden DNA ProjectThe goal of this Y-DNA surname project is to identify WARD family relationships by placing them each within their own unique y-DNA groups, allowing researchers within those groups to work toward discovery of their common ancestor. WARD Family Genealogy ForumSearch this popular genealogy forum for the Ward surname to find others who might be researching your ancestors, or post your own Ward query. FamilySearch - WARD Family HistoryAccess free vital, census, military, and other records, plus lineage-linked family trees posted for the Ward surname and its variations. WARD Surname Family Mailing ListsRootsWeb hosts several free mailing lists for researchers of the Ward surname. DistantCousin.com - WARD Genealogy Family HistoryFree databases and genealogy links for the last name Ward. Looking for the meaning of a given name? Check out First Name Meanings Cant find your last name listed? Suggest a surname to be added to the Glossary of Surname Meanings Origins. - References: Surname Meanings Origins Cottle, Basil. Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967. Menk, Lars. A Dictionary of German Jewish Surnames. Avotaynu, 2005. Beider, Alexander. A Dictionary of Jewish Surnames from Galicia. Avotaynu, 2004. Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges. A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989. Hanks, Patrick. Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003. Smith, Elsdon C. American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997.

Apple Company Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words - 1

Apple Company Analysis - Essay Example The paper tells that Apple Inc. is the producer of the iTunes software program that is used to store and play music in one place. The company’s clients are varied with respect to the variety of products, for instance, educators, business organizations, and daily basis customers. Owing to its wide range of products, the company has the capability to target a wide range of customers, with most sales being conducted online and a host of others from direct sales, retailers and the company’s retail shops. The company has current operations distributed all over the world; in the United States, Japan, Europe, Asia Pacific and some parts of Africa. On April 1, 1976, three men, Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak, and Ronald Wayne co-founded Apple Inc. The company did not receive immediate attention in the market but until 1984 when the company introduced the Macintosh computer. Jobs and Wozniak left the company in 1985 in pursuit of other goals. The company went ahead with the release of new computer models that were unique in style and more portable as opposed to other computer models. Even with these improvements, the company could not cement its position as a dominant computer manufacturing company across the globe and in 1997, one founder Steve Jobs rejoined the company when it was losing huge sums of cash. Apple released the iMac in 1998 and immediately gained profits with increasing market share thus turning the downward spiral of the company around. Apple’s revolution of the digital music distribution came with the introduction of the iPod in 2001 along with iTunes and in 2007, the company expanded its scope of production and entered the smart-phones world when it released the iPhone. Today, Apple is among the leading innovators in computer hardware and software, phones and a host of digital portable devices.

The Mountain Meadows Massacre Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6500 words

The Mountain Meadows Massacre - Research Paper Example The Mountain Meadows massacre was a microcosm for what was happening in America during this time. Since the time of colonial America, the citizens believed that they had a right to take up arms and take the law into their hands as a protest against unjust conditions. This was known as the â€Å"right of the riot† . This belief led to many riots, against negros, Catholics, and anti-abolitionists, as well as riots concerning labor and elections. This was a time of mob rule, where individuals took up arms to put down anybody they did not like, and lax law enforcement enabled this to occur . It was this mentality that led not only to the massacre itself, but to the persecutions that the Mormons faced that made up the justification for the massacres. In the weeks leading up to the massacre, there were a great deal of events that occurred. On July 24, 1857, the Mormons were celebrating Pioneer Day, with speeches and cannon salutes and â€Å"three groans† for the state of Miss ouri . The â€Å"three groans† was a reference to the state of Missouri and how they treated the Mormons – threatening them, subjecting them to rape and beatings, stripping them of their land, imprisoning Smith, and forcing them to leave the state.